Pertanian Organik

Pertanian Organik

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Page 1 of 2 Tugas 2 Pertanian Organik Dosen : Ir. Shodiq Eko Ariyanto, MP Kelompok 4 1. Musthofa Afifi (2012-41-002) 2. Aditya Chandra Septian (2012-41-029) 3. Jati Widnu Charantika (2012-41-051) 4. Teguh Wiyono (2012-41-049) 5. Kosmia Zulianti (2012-41-057) Beberapa bakteri yang dapat menyuburkan tanah antara lain : 1. Rhizobium leguminosorum, Bakteri nitrogen atau dikenal juga sebagai bakteri pengikat nitrogen adalah kelompok bakteri yang mampu mengikat nitrogen (terutaman N2) bebas di udara dan mereduksinya menjadi senyawa amonia (NH4) dan ion nitrat (NO3-) oleh bantuan enzim nitrogenase.[1][2] Kelompok bakteri ini biasanya bersimbiosis dengan tanaman kacang-kacangan dan polong untuk membentuk suatu simbiosis mutualisme berupa nodul atau bintil akar untuk mengikat nitrogen bebas di udara yang pada umumnya tidak dapat digunakan secara langsung oleh kebanyakan organisme. Secara umum, kelompok bakteri ini dikenal dengan istilah rhizobia, termasuk di dalamnya genus bakteri Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Mesorhizobium, Photorhizobium, dan Sinorhizobium. Contoh bakteri nitrogen yang hidup bersimbiosis dengan tanaman polong-polongan yaitu Rhizobium leguminosarum, yang hidup di akar membentuk nodul atau bintil-bintil akar. 2. Azotobacter chroococcum Azotobacter adalah genus dari biasanya motil , oval atau bulat bakteri yang membentuk berdinding tebal kista dan dapat menghasilkan sejumlah besar kapsul lendir . Mereka adalah aerobik, tanah yang hidup bebas mikroba yang memainkan peran penting dalam siklus nitrogen di alam, mengikat atmosfer nitrogen , yang dapat diakses untuk tanaman, dan melepaskannya dalam bentuk amonium ion ke dalam tanah. Selain sebagai model organisme , digunakan oleh manusia untuk produksi pupuk hayati , aditif makanan , dan beberapa biopolimer . Perwakilan pertama dari genus, Azotobacter chroococcum, ditemukan dan dijelaskan pada tahun 1901 oleh Belanda mikrobiologi dan botani Martinus Beijerinck . spesies Azotobacter adalah bakteri Gram-negatif yang ditemukan di tanah netral dan basa,dalam air, dan hubungan dengan beberapa tanaman. 3. Nitrobacter sp. Page 2 of 2 Bakteri nitrifikasi adalah kelompok bakteri yang mampu menyusun senyawa nitrat dari senyawa amonia yang pada umumnya berlangsung secara aerob di dalam tanah.[1] Kelompok bakteri ini bersifat kemolitotrof karena menggunakan senyawa nitrogen inorganik sebagai dalam siklus hidupnya ]Metabolisme senyawa nitrogen ini memerlukan senyawa karbon dioksida sebagai sumber karbonnya yang diikat dalam siklus Calvin Pada umumnya, bakteri nitrifikasi bersifat nonmotil (tidak dapat bergerak) sehingga cenderung untuk melekat pada permukaan benda yang ada di sekelilingnya. Bakteri nitrifikasi berkembang biak dengan cara membelah diri, tetapi tidak dapat membentuk spora. 4. Clostriddium pasteurianum Clostridium adalah genus dari bakteri anaerob , basil Gram-positif , parasit dan saprofit beberapa, yang bersporulasi , dan bergerak umumnya melalui flagela peritrichous. Mereka mengambil bentuk fosfor , clubbing atau spindle berputar, maka nama bahasa Yunani "Klostro" yang berarti berputar spindle. Spesies yang paling penting adalah Clostridium botulinum produsen botulism , yang novyi Clostridium , Clostridium septicum , Clostridium perfringens penghasil gas gangren dan Clostridium tetani produser tetanus . 5. Rhodospirillium rubrum Rhodospirillum rubrum (R. rubrum) adalah Gram-negatif , berwarna pink proteobacterium , dengan ukuran 800-1.000 nanometer . Ini adalah anaerob fakultatif, karena itu dapat menggunakan alkohol fermentasi dalam kondisi oksigen rendah atau menggunakan aerobik respirasi dalam kondisi aerobik. Di bawah pertumbuhan aerobik fotosintesis ditekan genetik dan R. rubrum kemudian berwarna. Setelah kehabisan oksigen, R. rubrum segera mulai produksi aparat fotosintesis termasuk protein membran, bacteriochlorophylls dan karotenoid , yaitu bakteri fotosintesis menjadi aktif. Mekanisme represi untuk fotosintesis yang belum dipahami. Fotosintesis R. rubrum berbeda dari tanaman karena memiliki lanjutan tidak klorofil a , tapi bacteriochlorophylls . Sementara bacteriochlorophyll menyerap cahaya yang memiliki panjang gelombang maksimum 800-925 nm, klorofil menyerap cahaya yang memiliki panjang gelombang maksimum 660-680 nm. 2 of 2Tugas 2.docxTugas 2.docxOpenExtractOpen withDetailsCommentsGeneral InfoTypeWordDimensionsSize23 KBLocationdocxModified12:38 PM Oct 5Created12:38 PM Oct 5Opened by me3:59 PM Dec 22DescriptionAdd a descriptionSharingCicak GenitOwnerAnyoneCan ViewDownload PermissionViewers can download Displaying Tugas 2.docx.Send feedbackEmbed item...Add starRename...Report abuseShareDownloadPrint Links http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakteri http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udara http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogenase http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakteri_nitrogen http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakteri_nitrogen http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbiosis http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kacang http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbiosis_mutualisme http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bintil_akar 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